Uvođenje i funkcionisanje deregulisanog tržišta; energetska efikasnost procesa i opreme u čitavom tehnološkom sistemu proizvodnje električne energije u termo/hidro/vetro i drugim elektranama; istraživanje i modeliranje procesa u kotlovskim, turbinskim i drugim postrojenjima termo/hidro/vetro i drugih elektrana; spregnuta proizvodnja toplotne i električne energije; pouzdanost i raspoloživost postrojenja termo/hidro/vetro i drugih elektrana; racionalno korišćenje goriva; optimizacija radnih parametara procesa, opreme, postrojenja i cele elektrane; ekonomično vođenje procesa; racionalizacije i inovacije u procesu proizvodnje; uvođenje sistema kvaliteta.
Radovi odabrani za sesiju Konferencije pod nazivom: Liberalizacija tržišta i sigurnost snabdevanja električnom energijom, energetska efikasnost i racionalan rad elektrana
Ljubo Maćić (Energy Agency of the Repbulic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia)
Abstrakt
For decades, electricity generation has been organised in a relatively stable and predictable environment. The introduction of market mechanisms and new regulatory measures related to the development of renewable energy sources, limitations of the use of some technologies and mitigation of climate changes brought a set of uncertainties. The operation regime is changing, generation technologies adjust to new conditions. Big generation companies which did not adjust to changes realised that the operation model they used so far does not function any more. An increase in investment risks destimulates investment, thereby endangering the security of supply in the future. EU members are looking for solutions for these problems via the improvement of their market model and different incentive mechanisms. Different mechanisms jeopardize a common EU energy market. Changes in the conditions of functioning and development of electricity generation, important factors, possible answers and outputs and the impact to the development of electricity generation in Serbia are being considered.
V.E. Skouditskiy (Company „NTV-energo“ (Saint-Petersburg), Russia)
R.G. Anoshin (Company „NTV-energo“ (Saint-Petersburg), Russia)
K.A. Grigoryev (Company „NTV-energo“ (Saint-Petersburg), Russia)
V.V. Mihajlov (Engineering Company „ZIOMAR“, JSC (Podolsk), Russia)
S.V. Djekic (Inter Kontakt-Energo d.o.o. (Belgrade), Serbia)
Abstrakt
At paper is presented comparison of slagging properties of Russian coals and Balkan lignites. Evaluation of boiler
P-49 reconstruction, based on different modifications of slag tap boiler furnace, is presented. Results of boiler modernization with use of Low-Temperature Vortex combustion technology are presented.
Rade M. Karamarković (Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Serbia)
Vladan M. Karamarković (Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Serbia)
Miloš V. Nikolić (Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Serbia)
Nenad P. Stojić (Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Serbia)
Abstrakt
Small biomass cogeneration systems that comprise biomass gasification usually consist of: a biomass gasifier, a product gas cleaning system, a gas engine, an automatic control system, and auxiliary equipment. This equipment differs in different systems but usually includes several heat exchangers, feedstock storage, screw conveyors etc. These systems are typically smaller than 1 MWt and use downdraft or concurrent gasifiers due to their reliable and tar-free functioning. The drawbacks of product gas produced in these reactors are: a relatively low heating value and a large amount of particulates. These particulates and the residue from gasifiers consist of unconverted char and ash. Depending on the design, there are typically from 3 to 15% of unconverted char. The energy loss contained in unconverted char and ash is significant and different measures are performed by the manufacturers for its reduction. In this paper, an original downdraft gasifier together with three different char recovery concepts are presented. The concepts are analyzed and evaluated by the use of energy and exergy analysis.
N. N. Trifonov (JSC “I.I. Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment” (JSC “NPO CKTI”), Saint-Petersburg, Russia)
K. A. Grigoryev (JSC “I.I. Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment” (JSC “NPO CKTI”), Saint-Petersburg, Russia )
L. A. Homenok (JSC “I.I. Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment” (JSC “NPO CKTI”), Saint-Petersburg, Russia )
Yu. G. Sukhorukov (JSC “I.I. Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment” (JSC “NPO CKTI”), Saint-Petersburg, Russia )
I. A. Kovalev (JSC “I.I. Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment” (JSC “NPO CKTI”), Saint-Petersburg, Russia )
V. V. Bozhko (JSC “I.I. Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment” (JSC “NPO CKTI”), Saint-Petersburg, Russia )
V. G. Orlik (JSC “I.I. Polzunov Scientific and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment” (JSC “NPO CKTI”), Saint-Petersburg, Russia )
Abstrakt
At paper is generalized long-term experience of “NPO CKTI” connected with researches and practical application of development in the field of modernization of TPP units equipment. Under the conditions of limited financial opportunities of the electricity generating companies, “NPO CKTI” suggests a relatively inexpensive complex modernization of the operating equipment at power plant units with capacity of 200 and 300 MW. Main objectives of the complex modernization of power plant units are: extension of service lifetime of equipment, increase of unit electric power (up to 5–7%) and economic efficiency (more than 10%). The total effect of modernization depends on specific conditions and volume of works. Main technical solutions are related with boiler, turbine and regenerative equipment, thermal scheme and system of diagnostics of the power plant unit.
d-r. Lidija Joleska Bureska (ELEM TPP Bitola )
Abstrakt
Boiler is very important part of power plant for development of industry and production, therefore its operation need to be optimized and at the same time its efficiency. Efficiency of boiler can be determined by two methods, direct and indirect method. Mentioned two methods are providing different information. Indirect method for determination of boiler efficiency includes all heat losses in the system, while direct method didn’t include any heat losses. In this paper are presented changes of the boiler efficiency, related with coal characteristics, determined with indirect method (according to EN12951, part 15). Influence of different characteristics of coal such as heating value, moisture and ash content on the boiler efficiency have been evaluated. According to the results of calculations and tests, combustion coal with higher heat value, increase boiler efficiency. In the paper also is analyzed influence of the other characteristics of coal to the boiler efficiency. Comparison of the calculation results with different coal characteristics, enables proper coal selection. In order to improve boilers efficiency different opportunities have been analyzed.
Miodrag Životić (Energoprojekt ENTEL, Belgrade)
Nebojša Manić (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering)
Marta Trninić (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering)
Dragoslava Stojiljković (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering)
Aleksandar Jovović (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering)
Abstrakt
In the past, several different simplified models, such as single-stage, two-stage or Distribution activation energy model were developed for mathematical modeling of devolatilization process. Use of these models to predict the behavior of the domestic lignites during devolatilization process gave relatively good results. However, with development of new experimental methods for coal analysis and with obtaining new data about its characteristics, new mathematical models were developed. Such models are based primarily on the assumption that coal is presented as an array of macromolecules, and they represent statistical models that take into account the characteristics of coal structure. In this paper, the results of the application of CPD (Chemical Percolation Devolatilization) model on devolatilization process of domestic coal from Kostolac basin are presented. The results obtained by the model are compared to results obtained by experimental investigation of devolatilization process in the wire-mesh reactor.
Zdravko N. Milovanović (Faculty of Mechanicel Engineering, Banja Luka, S. Stepanovića 71.)
Svjetlana R. Dumonjić-Milovanović (Partner engineering, Kralja Nikole 25, Banja Luka)
Momir Samardžić (Thermal Power Plant “Ugljevik”, Ugljevik)
Vinko L. Babić (Faculty of Mechanicel Engineering, Banja Luka, S. Stepanovića 71.)
Jovan B. Škundrić (Faculty of Mechanicel Engineering, Banja Luka, S. Stepanovića 71)
Abstrakt
The introduced system of energetic management (EnMS), in its basis represents the development of strategic and aimed activities with the goal to improve energetic efficiency. Those activities are the most often integrated in business philosophy and planning. The system of environmental protection management directs organization activities to decrease their negative impacts on the environment together with constant improvement of business performances in relation to the environment. The system of energy management enables organizations to increase their responsibility concerning the environment, to decrease energy expenses and also to decrease CO2 emission. Since the systems for management are being introduced in the end, after introducing standards ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, it is not necessary to introduce procedures which are common for all standards. On the other hand, the system for documenting and reporting which relies on valid international standard ISO 50001:2011 should be readjusted to existing systems of management, which all together lead to introduction of Integrated System of Management (IMS) as a part of thermal energetic production company, and also as a part of electro energetic system of Republic of Srpska (EES RS). Thereat, some minor and simple measures regarding small changes related to a working procedure can have significant impact on decreasing consumption of the energy. Other important parts of the system of energetic management are: energetic reviews, respectively energy audits, so as monitoring of realization together with determining goals. The results of introduction of energetic management in thermo energetic companies will certainly not be only matter of complying the legal requirements, but also the matter of enabling the company to rationally exploit energy resources, constantly providing and monitoring measures for improving energy efficiency and finally, to achieve significant financial savings, respectively the profit. According to EU estimation, introduction of EnMS could save approximately 15 to 20%. Introduction of EnMS in company whose field is production of coal, electricity and (in less amount) heat, is a complex and demanding process whose implementation requires several phases. Realization of the first phase should enable thermal energetic company to get the basic model for easy and punctual preparation of implementing system for energetic management on the level of the company and also in compliance with the current law and action plan regarding energy efficiency of Republic of Srpska. This would give a possibility to decrease specific consumption of both fuel and energy, a possibility to decrease losses in electrical infrastructure and negative impacts on the environment. This also could give a possibility for increasing the level of reliability regarding distribution of fuel and energy, increasing competitiveness of productive thermal energetic company inside its domain holding on open energy and fuel market (including CO2 emission) and consequently positive economic effects after increasing its own energy efficiency level.
M.Sc.Dejan Branković (SHP Celex Banja Luka, Veljka Mladjenovica bb, 78000 Banja Luka)
PhDZdravko N.Milovanović (University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Mechaical Engineering, Stepe Stepanovica 71, )
Aco Katan, mechanical engineer (SHP Celex Banja Luka, Veljka Mladjenovica bb, 78000 Banja Luka)
Abstrakt
Energy saving, increase of the degree of efficiency of energy components and achievement of a positive trend of energy consumption represent a huge challenge and an essential aim in terms of ensuring the positive final financial results of the business system. Since the costs of energy of the production system, together with the raw materials, are in percentages the most important input factor, the low percentage increase of the degree of efficiency affects the large financial reserves at the end of the process. This paper describes the replacement of tube coils of heat exchanger - economizer on steam boilers in the boiler room of the real industrial system for the production of hygiene paper. The problems in the operation of the steam boiler without the function of economizer are solved by the realization of investment activity of installation of a new tube exchanger air-water for preheating of the steam boiler feed water. The new tube exchanger is a modification of the original solution by using the materials highly resistant to sulfuric acid, which compensate the need of use of mazut with high sulfur content. Continuous monitoring of parameters of steam and mazut consumption, as the main driving energy, confirms the increase in efficiency of boiler room and the justification of investing in key elements of the energy production system.
Mehmet DIREK (Yalova University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University Campus, Cinarcik Yolu, 77200, Yalova, Turkey)
Abstrakt
The aim of this paper is to exergy and exergoeconomic analysis each components of 150 MW coal-fired thermal power plant using design data located in Turkey. Exergy balance equations are applied to system components to determine exergetic and exergoeconomic performance of power plant. The result shown that the boiler as the main equipment destroying the exergy. Therefore the boiler has the highest potential for optimization. Additionally, the exergoeconomic analysis demonstrated that the exergy destruction in boiler and turbine was higher than the other components.
Predrag Radmilović (SKATI TEL d.o.o. , Bulevar Kralja Petra I 48/15 , Novi Sad)
Abstrakt
Installation of ceramic rings (HTS) in flame tubes of smoke fired boilers, fired by gas or fuel oil,contributes to a significant reduction of fuel consumption (min. 5%) and increasing of energy efficiency. Pay back period is 2-3 years. Both before and after installation of HTS the monitoring of parameters of boiler have been performed and the fuel savings and insreasing of energy efficiency have been evidenced.There are more than 1000 instalations of HTS mostly in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Great Britain an Hungary and at all these instalation reduction in fuel consumption have been evidenced.
